Porsche 911 (996)
The Ultimate Guide to the 1998 - 2004 Porsche 911
Launched in 1997, the Porsche 996 marked a significant turning point for the 911, becoming a source of both excitement and contention among enthusiasts. Its water-cooled engine, a first for the 911, was a departure from tradition that some purists struggled to embrace. However, this move proved popular with the broader market, propelling the 996 to become one of Porsche's best-selling models ever, with over 175,000 units sold worldwide by 2005.
Background / 996.1 vs 996.2 / Engines / Standard Models / Specials & Race / Buyer Guide / The Market / Deep Dives
The Ultimate Guide To The Porsche 996: Every Variant, Specs, Reviews, Performance & More
The Porsche 911 (996) marked a significant shift in the history of the iconic sports car. Produced between 1998 and 2005, the 996 generation was the first to feature a water-cooled engine, signaling a departure from the air-cooled tradition that had defined the 911 for decades. Though initially controversial among purists, the 996 has grown in appreciation for its technological advancements, modern design, and performance. This guide explores the history, the regular and special models, and the legacy of the 996, examining why it is a pivotal chapter in the 911 story.
A Brief History of the Porsche 996
As the 1990s drew to a close, Porsche faced increasing pressure to modernize the 911 to meet stricter emissions and noise regulations while keeping up with contemporary performance standards. The 993 generation was the final iteration of the air-cooled 911, and the need for innovation was clear. The result was the 996, a complete redesign that introduced water-cooling to the flat-six engine, marking the end of the air-cooled era.
Designed by Pinky Lai under the direction of Harm Lagaay, the 996 featured a streamlined, aerodynamic body with a distinctive "fried egg" headlamp design that it shared with the first-generation Boxster. The new design improved airflow and cooling efficiency while reducing drag. The 996 was also larger, offering more interior space and modern comforts.
The switch to water-cooling was driven by the need for better thermal management and increased power output. The new 3.4-liter flat-six engine delivered 296 horsepower, a significant jump over the 993. Although some enthusiasts lamented the loss of the air-cooled character, the 996 offered better performance, refinement, and reliability.
Key Features and Innovations
The 996 generation introduced several key innovations that set it apart from previous 911s:
Water-Cooled Engine. The most controversial change was the switch to a water-cooled engine. The 3.4-liter flat-six produced 296 horsepower in early models and was later upgraded to a 3.6-liter engine with 320 horsepower. The water-cooling system allowed for better heat dissipation, improving performance and meeting modern emissions standards.
New Design Language. The 996 featured a completely new design, with smoother lines, a more aerodynamic shape, and integrated bumpers. The "fried egg" headlamps, which incorporated the turn signals into the main headlight housing, were a departure from the classic round 911 headlights and sparked debate among enthusiasts.
Improved Interior. The cabin of the 996 was a significant step forward in terms of quality and comfort. It offered more space, better ergonomics, and modern materials. Features like an updated infotainment system and improved seating made the 996 a more refined daily driver.
Performance Upgrades. The 996 introduced advancements like a 6-speed manual transmission, improved aerodynamics, and a stiffer chassis. The Carrera 4 models benefited from an advanced all-wheel-drive system, enhancing traction and handling.
The Regular Models
911 Carrera. The standard 996 Carrera was powered by a 3.4-liter flat-six engine producing 296 horsepower, paired with either a 6-speed manual or a 5-speed Tiptronic automatic transmission. In 2002, the engine was upgraded to a 3.6-liter unit, increasing power to 320 horsepower. The Carrera was available as both a coupe and a cabriolet, offering a blend of performance and everyday usability.
911 Carrera 4. The Carrera 4 featured the same engine options as the Carrera but added an all-wheel-drive system for improved stability and grip. This made it a popular choice for those who wanted extra confidence in various driving conditions.
911 Targa=. The 996 Targa featured a unique sliding glass roof that retracted beneath the rear window. This design provided the benefits of a sunroof and a convertible while maintaining the coupe's structural integrity. The Targa was powered by the same 3.6-liter engine as the Carrera.
911 Carrera 4S. The Carrera 4S combined the wide-body styling and suspension of the 996 Turbo with the naturally aspirated 3.6-liter engine from the Carrera. The result was a visually striking and highly capable 911 that offered a more engaging driving experience than the standard Carrera 4.
The Special Models
911 Turbo. The 996 Turbo was a technological marvel, featuring a 3.6-liter twin-turbocharged flat-six engine producing 415 horsepower. Equipped with all-wheel drive and a 6-speed manual or Tiptronic automatic transmission, the Turbo could sprint from 0 to 60 mph in just 4.0 seconds. The Turbo's aggressive styling, wide-body design, and performance made it a flagship model of the 996 range.
911 Turbo S. The Turbo S was a more powerful version of the 996 Turbo, with 450 horsepower and standard ceramic composite brakes. It was available in both coupe and cabriolet forms, offering even greater performance and exclusivity.
911 GT3. The 996 GT3 was a track-focused model powered by a naturally aspirated 3.6-liter engine producing 360 horsepower (later 381 hp). Built for enthusiasts, the GT3 featured a lightweight construction, a stiffer suspension, and a stripped-down interior. It offered a pure, visceral driving experience.
911 GT2. The 996 GT2 took the Turbo's 3.6-liter twin-turbo engine and boosted it to 476 horsepower. Unlike the Turbo, the GT2 was rear-wheel drive, making it a raw and challenging car to drive. With aggressive aerodynamics, a massive rear wing, and a focus on performance, the GT2 was the ultimate expression of the 996's potential.
Why the 996 Generation is Special
The 996 generation represents a turning point in the 911's history. While the introduction of water-cooling was controversial, it allowed Porsche to meet modern performance and environmental standards, ensuring the longevity of the 911 lineage. The 996 also brought significant improvements in design, comfort, and technology, making the 911 more accessible and versatile.
Over time, the 996 has gained appreciation for its role in modernizing the 911. Its performance, reliability, and relative affordability make it an attractive option for enthusiasts. Special models like the Turbo, GT3, and GT2 are now recognized as some of the best driver's cars Porsche has ever produced.
Conclusion
The Porsche 911 (996 generation) may have started as a controversial departure from tradition, but it has since earned its place in the 911's storied history. With its modern design, water-cooled engine, and impressive performance, the 996 laid the groundwork for future generations. Whether it's the versatile Carrera, the powerful Turbo, or the track-focused GT3, the 996 offers something for every Porsche enthusiast. As the years go by, the 996 continues to be celebrated for its innovation, driving dynamics, and significance in the evolution of the 911.
Porsche 911 (996) Basics
Manufacturer: Porsche AG
Also Called: Porsche 996, Type 996
Type: 996
Generation: Fifth Generation 911
Production Years: 1997–2004 (2005 and 2006 for 911 Turbo S, GT2 and GT3 models only)
Model Years: 1998 - 2005
Designer: Pinky Lai (1993–1994), Harm Lagaay
Body Style: 2-door Coupé, 2-door Roadster, 2-door Targa
Layout: Rear-engine, rear-wheel drive, Rear-engine, all-wheel drive
Engines: 3.4 L Watercooled Flat 6 (M96/01), 3.6 L Watercooled Flat 6 (M96/03), 3.6 L Turbocharged Flat 6 (M96/70), 3.6 L Watercooled Flat 6 (M96/76), 3.6 L Turbocharged Flat 6 (M96.70S)
Transmission: 5-speed ZF 5HP19 automatic, 5-speed Mercedes-Benz 5G-Tronic automatic, 6-speed Getrag G96/00 manual
Premiere: September 11, 1997 IAA Frankfurt Motor Show
Predecessor: Porsche 911 993
Successor: Porsche 911 997
Did You Know?
The 996 was the first 911 to feature a water-cooled engine, a major departure from the air-cooled tradition that had defined the car for decades.
The 996's "fried egg" headlights, a significant departure from the classic round design, were initially controversial. However, they've become a defining characteristic of the generation.
To reduce costs and streamline production, the 996 shared many components with the Boxster, including the front end, headlights, and parts of the interior.
The 996 Turbo was the first Turbo model to feature all-wheel drive as standard.
Lots More
If you want more 996, check out our sister website Stuttcars.com for the ultimate guide to the Porsche 911 (996).
The 996 may not have the raw feel of the older air-cooled cars, but it's still a fantastic sports car. It's fast, agile, and rewarding to drive
Car and Driver
Mk 1 (996.1) vs Mk 2 (996.2)
The 996 Porsche 911 is a story of two different distinct sub-generations.
The "Mark One" or 996.1 cars were produced from 1998 through till the end of the 2001 model year. The 911 Carrera and Carrera 4 in both Coupe and Cabriolet bodies all had Mk. 1 variants. The Mk. 1 cars had a 3.4 liter flat six and the famous "egg" front lights. The GT3 also had a Mk.1 version too, with a 3.6 liter flat six and lots of aero-driven design changes.
In 2002, the entire base range got an update, becoming known as the "Mark Two" or 996.2 cars. They ran from 2002 through till the end of the 996s production. The "Mark Two" cars included a visual design update and got a bigger 3.6 liter flat six. The 996.2 GT3 was also updated visually, and a special edition GT3 RS version of the 996.2 GT3 was also created. The Targa was introduced as a 996.2 car, as was the Carrera 4S Coupe and Cabriolet.
The easiest way to visually distinguish a 996.1 from an 996.2 car is those headlamps. On the Mark One cars, the fried-egg-shaped lights are very obvious and have not aged well at all. They look just like the Boxster lights from the same era (thank part-sharing to save money). The Mark Two update got rid of that design, with more modern and less polarizing light design, taken from 911 Turbo headlights, as well as additional revisions to the look of the front end. Most people don't know this, but there is a difference on the inside too, with the 996.2 cars getting a much-needed glovebox (the 996.1s did not have one).
Mechanically, the core 996.1 models had the 3.4 liter engine before 2002. The 996.2 cars got an upgrade to a 3.6-liter engine. The 996.2 cars had more power as a result of the engine upgrade, going from 296 bhp @ 6800 rpm to 320 bhp @ 6800 rpm.
The Engines
The biggest change implemented for the 996, was in the engine bay. While the car still used the traditional rear-mounted flat-six, it was no longer air-cooled, a huge departure for Porsche. The motor, designated M96, displaced 3.4 liters in the base Carrera and all-wheel drive Carrera 4, making 296 bhp and 258 ft lbs of torque. 0 - 60 mph was just 5.20 and the quarter mile was 13.3 seconds in the base coupe.
The gains over the air-cooled 995 weren’t huge on paper but the engine was also paired with a car lighter by 120 pounds, making a big difference in real world performance. Despite the weight loss, the 996 was slightly bigger in nearly every way, most notably in length and wheelbase. Panorama magazine noted the overall result in a comparison of the 996 and 993 (July 1998): “As evolved and nailed-tailed as the older car is, it is no match for the newest 911.”
The Type M96 flat six eventually grew to 3.6 liters, 320 hp, and 273 ft lbs in 2002 and was shared across all of the Carrera and Targa models.
The Turbo received a host of upgrades over the standard car, the most significant of which was a twin-turbo 3.6-liter flat-six making a substantial 415 horsepower and 415 lb-ft of torque and sending power to all four wheels. With the optional X50 package, power rose to 444 thanks to bigger turbos. Before the GT2's introduction, the 996 Turbo was the fastest road-legal 911 of all time, with a top speed of 189 mph. Thanks to its low-end torque and AWD traction, it could sprint to 60 mph in just 3.7 seconds.
On the extreme end of the 996 spectrum sits the GT2.The twin-turbo engine made 462 horsepower and 457 lb-ft of torque thanks to more boost, more efficient intercoolers and an optimized exhaust system. The GT2's unique aero package with a bespoke front air dam and spoiler, made 120 pounds of downforce at 190 mph, with a top speed of 196 mph.
Porsche 911 (996) Models
Porsche 996 Regular Model Variants
The 996 lineup catered to a wide range of drivers, from the base Carrera coupe and cabriolet, powered by a 3.4-liter flat-six engine producing 296 horsepower, to the all-wheel-drive Carrera 4 models. In 2001, Porsche introduced the high-performance GT2 and Turbo models, both equipped with a twin-turbocharged 3.6-liter flat-six engine that delivered exhilarating performance. A significant refresh in 2002 brought a host of updates to the 996 range. The base engine grew to 3.6 liters, now generating 320 horsepower. This refresh also saw the introduction of the Targa, featuring a unique sliding glass roof system reminiscent of the 993, and the Carrera 4S, which boasted the wider bodywork, brakes, and suspension of the Turbo.
Porsche 911 Carrera (996)
Years: 1998-2001
Engine: 3.4 L Flat 6 (M96/01)
Production: 46,317 (incl 996.2)
Power: 296 bhp @ 6800 rpm
Torque: 258 ft lbs @ 4600 rpm
0-60 mph: 5.2 seconds
Top Speed: 174 mph
The Type 996 introduced water-cooled engines and it also ushered in a new body design. Gone was the "classic" 911 design, the entire main body now much sleeker. The flat six in the Carrera 996 was a newly-developed flat-six engine that offered 300 hp. It was mated as standard with a six-speed manual. As always, the Carrera 2 was rear-wheel-drive.
Porsche 911 Carrera Cabriolet (996)
Years: 1998-2001
Engine: 3.4 L Flat 6 (M96/01)
Production: 38,835 (incl 996.2)
Power: 296 bhp @ 6800 rpm
Torque: 258 ft lbs @ 4600 rpm
0-60 mph: 5.4 seconds
Top Speed: 174 mph
The flat six in the Carrera 996 was a newly-developed flat-six engine that offered 300 hp. It was mated as standard with a six-speed manual. Designed as a grand tourer, the Porsche Carrera Cabriolet was the base version for the open-top 911 range in 1998. The retractable roof was able to be stowed away in 20 seconds at speeds of up to 50 kph (31 mph).
Porsche 911 Carrera 4 Coupe (996)
Years: 1999-2001
Engine: 3.4 L Flat 6 (M96/01)
Production: 15,951 (incl 996.2)
Power: 296 bhp @ 6800 rpm
Torque: 258 ft lbs @ 4600 rpm
0-60 mph: 5.2 seconds
Top Speed: 174 mph
Since 1989, the rear-wheel-drive Carrera has always been accompanied by an all-wheel-drive Carrera 4, and the 996 was no different. Overlapping with the last year Carrera 993'S, the 996 Carrera 4 represented two major changes for the venerable 911 lineage: a water-cooled flat-6 engine replaced the air-cooled engine, and the body shell received its first major re-design.
Porsche 911 Carrera 4 Cabriolet (996)
Years: 1999-2001
Engine: 3.4 L Flat 6 (M96/01)
Production: 16,719 (incl 996.2)
Power: 296 bhp @ 6800 rpm
Torque: 258 ft lbs @ 4600 rpm
0-60 mph: 5.2 seconds
Top Speed: 174 mph
The 996 Cabriolet was introduced in March 1998 at the Geneva Motor Show. The 996 Cabriolet was long ready (remember, it was tested already in 1995), but for marketing and production-related reasons it was launched in 1998 as a 1999 model. While the evolution with the 911 coupe was questionable from 993 to 996, the real evolution came with the cabriolet.
Porsche 911 Turbo (996)
Years: 2001-2005
Engine: 3.6 L Turbo Flat 6 (M96/70)
Production: 16,965 units
Power: 415 bhp @ 6000 rpm
Torque: 415 ft lbs @ 2700 rpm
0-60 mph: 4.0 seconds
Top Speed: 189 mph
Porsche introduced the turbocharged version of the Type 996 for the 2001 model year (late 2000 in Europe). Like the 996 GT3, the Turbo's engine was derived from the engine used in the 911 GT1. Like its predecessor, the 993 Turbo, it featured twin-turbos but now had a power output of 420 PS (309 kW; 414 hp). As of 2002, the X50 package would increase engine output to 444 hp.
Porsche 911 Carrera 4S Coupe (996.2)
Years: 2002-2005
Engine: 3.6 L Flat 6 (M96/03)
Production: 17,298 units
Power: 320 bhp @ 6800 rpm
Torque: 273 ft lbs @ 4250 rpm
0-60 mph: 5.1 seconds
Top Speed: 174 mph
In 2002, the entire 996 generation got facelifted. The Carrera 4S Cabriolet was introduced in the lineup with the new engine and Turbo look. The Carrera 4S was the sweet spot in the 911 lineup, providing more performance than the base car without the exorbitant pricing of a Turbo or GT2. Paired aggressive bodywork and suspension of the Turbo with Carrera 4 drivetrain.
Porsche 911 Carrera (996.2)
Years: 2002-2004
Engine: 3.6 L Flat 6 (M96/03)
Production: 46,317 (incl 996.1)
Power: 320 bhp @ 6800 rpm
Torque: 273 ft lbs @ 4250 rpm
0-60 mph: 5.0 seconds
Top Speed: 177 mph
In 2002, all of the standard models received a minor makeover in 2002 which included Turbo-style headlights, a freshly designed front clip and an increase in engine capacity to 3.6L along with a subsequent 20HP boost. The bodies were more rigid which further improved handling and safety and the lower, stiffer X74 suspension was available as factory mod.
Porsche 911 Carrera Cabriolet (996.2)
Years: 2002-2004
Engine: 3.6 L Flat 6 (M96/03)
Production: 38,835 (incl 996.1)
Power: 320 bhp @ 6800 rpm
Torque: 273 ft lbs @ 4250 rpm
0-60 mph: 5.2 seconds
Top Speed: 171 mph
The 996 had the same front end as the entry-level Boxster. After requests from the Carrera owners about their premium cars looking like a "lower priced car that looked just like theirs did", Porsche redesigned the headlamps of the Carrera in 2002. With the cabriolet, buyers have a choice between this version and the hotter Carrera 4S cabriolet. A great all-rounder.
Porsche 911 Carrera 4 Cabriolet (996.2)
Years: 2002-2004
Engine: 3.6 L Flat 6 (M96/03)
Production: 16,719 (incl 996.1)
Power: 320 bhp @ 6800 rpm
Torque: 273 ft lbs @ 4250 rpm
0-60 mph: 5.2 seconds
Top Speed: 174 mph
The 996 Porsche was facelifted in 2002. Along with the coupe versions, the convertibles were reshaped also. There was not a big difference on the outside. It was the same sports-car and open-top grand tourer. The Carrera 4 Cabriolet, continued on through 2004, receiving the same updates as the Carrera, including the 3.6-liter engine.
Porsche 911 Targa (996.2)
Years: 2002-2005
Engine: 3.6 L Flat 6 (M96/03)
Production: 5,152 units
Power: 320 bhp @ 6800 rpm
Torque: 273 ft lbs @ 4250 rpm
0-60 mph: 5.2 seconds
Top Speed: 177 mph
2002 marked the start of the production of the 996 Targa model, with a sliding glass "green house" roof system as introduced on its predecessor. It also features a rear glass hatch which gave the driver access to the storage. The 996 Targa is the rarest bodystyle in the series – only 5,152 were produced (all Mk.2 gen) between 2002 and 2005.
Porsche 911 Turbo Cabriolet (996)
Years: 2003-2005
Engine: 3.6 L Turbo Flat 6 (M96/70)
Production: 3,426 units
Power: 415 bhp @ 6000 rpm
Torque: 415 ft lbs @ 2700 rpm
0-60 mph: 4.2 seconds
Top Speed: 190 mph
Introducing this new top-of-the-range model, Porsche is once again placing a 911 Turbo Cabriolet right at the top of the family. With cylinders still featuring two valves each at the time, the 3.3-litre power unit driving the first Turbo Cabriolet offered maximum output quite unique at the time of 300 bhp or 221 kW. Acceleration was very quick.
Porsche 911 Carrera 4S Cabriolet (996.2)
Years: 2003-2005
Engine: 3.6 L Flat 6 (M96/03)
Production: 5,757 units
Power: 320 bhp @ 6800 rpm
Torque: 273 ft lbs @ 4250 rpm
0-60 mph: 5.3 seconds
Top Speed: 174 mph
The 4S Cabriolet is the convertible version of the slightly-uprated 996 Carrera 4. Introduced a year after the 996 C4S Coupe. The Carrera 4S Cabriolet was introduced in the lineup with the new engine and the Turbo bodywork. The cab paired the bodywork and suspension of the Turbo with the base Carrera 4 drivetrain.
Porsche 911 (996) Special Editions
Porsche 996 Special Edition & Race Models
The 996 GT3 was a purist's dream, a track-focused weapon derived from the standard Carrera. To achieve maximum performance, Porsche stripped it down, reducing weight and equipping it with a stiffer, adjustable suspension and upgraded brakes. The first iteration (996.1) launched in 1999 with a naturally aspirated 3.6-liter flat-six engine that produced 355 horsepower. A second-generation GT3 (996.2) followed in 2004, boasting revised aerodynamics and a more potent 375 horsepower version of the same engine. In 2000, we got the 911 Millennium edition, a limited-run model based on the Carrera 4 coupe. This special edition stood out with its unique Violet Chromaflair paint and striking turbo-polished wheels. To celebrate the 911's 40th anniversary in 2003, Porsche introduced the "40th Anniversary Edition." This model sported the 996 Turbo's front-end design, was exclusively finished in GT Silver metallic paint, and came equipped with the X51 power kit for enhanced performance. For those seeking even more exhilarating performance, there was the GT2. This twin-turbocharged beast was the ultimate expression of the 996's performance potential. Finally, there was the 996 GT3 RS, a hardcore, track-focused evolution of the second-generation GT3. Built as a homologation model for the GT3 race car, it was sadly forbidden fruit for U.S. and Canadian customers.
Porsche 911 GT3 (996)
Years: 2000-2001
Engine: 3.6 L Flat 6 (M96/76)
Production: 1,868 units
Power: 360 bhp @ 7200 rpm
Torque: 273 ft lbs @ 5000 rpm
0-60 mph: 4.7 seconds
Top Speed: 188 mph
The GT3 was based on the standard 996 Carrera, but was stripped of a great deal of equipment for weight savings, featuring stiffer, adjustable suspension and upgraded brakes. The GT3 used the bodyshell of the four-wheel-drive Carrera 4, which incorporated additional front-end stiffening. It featured a naturally aspirated 3.6-litre flat-six engine generating 360 bhp.
Porsche 911 Carrera 4 Millennium (996)
Years: 2000
Engine: 3.4 L Flat 6 (M96/01)
Production: 911 units
Power: 296 bhp @ 6800 rpm
Torque: 258 ft lbs @ 4600 rpm
0-60 mph: 5.2 seconds
Top Speed: 174 mph
In 1999, Porsche celebrated the turn of the century with a special edition – the 996 "Millennium Edition". Based on the Carrera 4, the "Millennium Edition" was limited to 911 examples. It was finished in Violet Chromaflair paint, which, depending on the light changes from dark violet to light green and is quite spectacular to look at. It also got a caramel-colored leather interior.
Porsche 911 GT2 (996)
Years: 2001-2005
Engine: 3.6 L Turbo Flat 6 (M96.70S)
Production: 1,287 units
Power: 462 bhp (v1), 483 bhp (v2)
Torque: 457 ft lbs (v1), 472 ft lbs (v2)
0-60 mph: 4.0 sec (v1), 3.8 sec (v2)
Top Speed: 196 mph (v1), 198 mph (v2)
From model year 2001, the model range was extended to include the 911 GT2. The body of the extreme sports car was based on the body of the 911 Turbo. The GT2 engine was also based on the 911 Turbo but had ten percent more power. The GT2 was offered with a Clubsport Package for use in motorsport. In late 2003 the Porsche 911 GT2 got an upgrade from 462hp to 483hp.
Porsche 911 Turbo S Cabriolet (996)
Years: 2004
Engine: 3.6 L Turbo Flat 6 (M96/70E)
Production: 963 units
Power: 450 bhp @ 6000 rpm
Torque: 457 ft lbs @ 4400 rpm
0-60 mph: 4.3 seconds
Top Speed: 191 mph
Towards the end of the 996 production run, Porsche introduced the Turbo S, boasting even more power than the standard 996 Turbo — 450 PS (331 kW) and 620 N·m (457 lb·ftf)— courtesy of the X50 package being standard. The Turbo S was limited to approximately 1,500 units worldwide, of which 598 were coupé (hardtop) and 963 were cabriolet (convertible).
Porsche 911 Turbo X50 (996)
Years: 2002-2005
Engine: 3.6 L Turbo Flat 6 (M96/70E)
Production: N/A
Power: 450 bhp @ 6000 rpm
Torque: 457 ft lbs @ 4400 rpm
0-60 mph: 4.1 seconds
Top Speed: 191 mph
The optional X50 Performance Package gave the base Turbo larger K24 turbochargers and intercoolers, a revised ECU and a quad-pipe exhaust, raising the engine’s output from 415 to 450 bhp and maximum torque from 415 to 457 ft lbs. With power at 450 bhp @ 6000 rpm and torque of 457 ft lbs @ 4400 rpm, the X50 option is a monsters.
Porsche 911 Turbo S Coupe (996)
Years: 2004-2005
Engine: 3.6 L Turbo Flat 6 (M96/70E)
Production: 600 units
Power: 450 bhp @ 6000 rpm
Torque: 457 ft lbs @ 4400 rpm
0-60 mph: 4.2 seconds
Top Speed: 191 mph
Porsche 996 Turbo S was available as a coupe and cabriolet – it was basically a standard Turbo model with the X50 Powerkit and carbon-ceramic brakes, alongside a few luxury features for the interior. Approximately 1558 Turbo S models (split between coupe and cabrio) were sold. Also had small aluminum appointments to the interior and Turbo S badging.
Porsche 911 GT3 RS (996)
Years: 2004
Engine: 3.6 L Flat 6 (M96/79)
Production: 682 units
Power: 381 bhp @ 7400 rpm
Torque: 284 ft lbs @ 5000 rpm
0-60 mph: 4.3 seconds
Top Speed: 190 mph
The 996 GT3 RS was a sharpened version of the Mk.2 GT3, built for track use and it was the homologation model for the GT3 race-car. It was the forbidden fruit for the U.S. and Canadian customers. It was available in a limited number and it was a true track-oriented vehicle. It was based on the GT3 version, but with fewer comfort features and even stiffer suspension.
Porsche 911 GT3 (996.2)
Years: 2004-2005
Engine: 3.6 L Flat 6 (M96/79)
Production: 2,589 units
Power: 381 bhp @ 7400 rpm
Torque: 284 ft lbs @ 5000 rpm
0-60 mph: 4.3 seconds
Top Speed: 190 mph
The second gen GT3 takes all that was good about it's predecessor and then improves it! Power from the GT1 derived flat-6 is up by 21 bhp to 381 bhp, ride height is lowered for increased stability and also has an upgraded braking setup, as it features a 6-piston calipers on the front. Two versions offered, 'Clubsport' track-focused with roll cage, racing seat and 6-point harness.
Porsche 911 Carrera 40th Anniversary Edition (996)
Years: 2004
Engine: 3.6 L Flat 6 (M96/03S)
Production: 1,963 units
Power: 341 bhp @ 6800 rpm
Torque: 273 ft lbs @ 4250 rpm
0-60 mph: 5.0 seconds
Top Speed: 177 mph
To commemorate the 40th year of 911 production, Porsche built 1963 of the 40th Anniversary Porsche 911 Carrera for model year 2004. Painted only in a GT Silver Metallic finish, with a dark gray leather interior, the "40 Jahre" took the Base Model 996 Carrera and added the front fascia of the 996 Turbo, side skirts and luxury features for the cabin. Mechanically, the X51 Powerkit increases power to 341hp.
Porsche 911 (996) Buyer’s Guide (1998-2005)
The Porsche 911 has always been a symbol of engineering brilliance and automotive passion, evolving through generations while maintaining its distinct character. The 996 generation, produced between 1997 and 2004, marked a bold leap into modernity, introducing water-cooled engines and a contemporary design ethos that divided opinion at the time. Now, decades later, the 996 is emerging from the shadows of its more celebrated predecessors, offering enthusiasts a unique blend of classic Porsche performance and relatively affordable pricing. However, as with any performance car, understanding what you’re buying is crucial. This guide will help you navigate the landscape of the 996, from its history and strengths to potential pitfalls and buying considerations.
A New Era for the 911
When Porsche introduced the 996 in 1997, it was a watershed moment. For the first time in the 911’s storied history, the company replaced its legendary air-cooled engines with a water-cooled flat-six. This decision, driven by the need to meet modern emissions standards and improve cooling efficiency, was controversial among purists. But it also signaled a commitment to the future, paving the way for the next chapters in Porsche’s legacy.
The design of the 996 was equally groundbreaking. Gone were the classic round headlights, replaced with the now-famous “fried egg” lamps that integrated turn signals within the assembly. The body was sleeker, more aerodynamic, and shared a platform with the contemporary Boxster, which helped streamline production costs. The interior was a significant upgrade from the 993, offering better ergonomics, improved comfort, and a more spacious cabin.
Performance and Driving Experience
At the heart of the 996 lies a horizontally opposed six-cylinder engine, delivering a thrilling driving experience that’s unmistakably Porsche. Early models (1997-2001) came with a 3.4-liter engine producing 300 horsepower, while post-2002 versions saw an increase to 3.6 liters and 320 horsepower. These engines offered a broad power band, excellent throttle response, and that characteristic flat-six howl that makes every drive an occasion.
The 996’s performance figures are still impressive today. A base Carrera can sprint from 0 to 60 mph in just over five seconds, and with a top speed north of 170 mph, it remains a capable performer on modern roads. But the 996 isn’t just about straight-line speed. Its wider track, revised suspension, and precise steering provide agile handling, making it a joy to throw around corners. Whether you choose the rear-wheel-drive Carrera or the all-wheel-drive Carrera 4, the balance and poise are pure 911.
Special models like the 996 Turbo, introduced in 2001, elevated the performance game further. Powered by a 3.6-liter twin-turbocharged engine producing 420 horsepower, the Turbo offered blistering acceleration and all-wheel drive grip, making it a formidable machine in all conditions. Then there were the track-focused variants—the GT3 and the even more extreme GT2—which distilled the 911 experience into its purest form, with race-derived components and minimal compromises.
Notable Variants and Their Appeal
The 996 lineup offers a model for nearly every taste and driving need. The standard Carrera provides a well-rounded package of performance and comfort, suitable for daily driving and spirited weekend runs. The Carrera 4 adds all-wheel drive, enhancing stability and traction, particularly in inclement weather. For those who prefer open-air motoring, the Cabriolet models deliver wind-in-your-hair thrills without sacrificing much of the coupe’s rigidity.
One of the more intriguing options is the Targa, featuring a sliding glass roof that offers a semi-convertible experience with the structural integrity of a hardtop. This model, introduced in 2002, appeals to those who want a bit of novelty in their 911 experience.
At the top end, the Turbo and GT variants cater to performance enthusiasts. The Turbo’s combination of all-wheel drive and forced induction results in a car that’s both ferociously quick and remarkably composed. Meanwhile, the GT3 and GT2 represent the purist’s choice, with rear-wheel drive, naturally aspirated (GT3) or turbocharged (GT2) engines, and a focus on track-ready performance.
Potential Issues to Watch For
While the 996 represents an excellent value proposition, it’s not without its quirks and potential issues. Chief among these is the Intermediate Shaft (IMS) bearing. This component, responsible for supporting the timing chain, can fail and lead to catastrophic engine damage. It’s a well-documented issue, and many owners have opted for upgraded aftermarket bearings as a preventative measure. If you’re considering a 996, check whether this upgrade has been performed or factor in the cost of doing so.
Another concern is the Rear Main Seal (RMS), which can develop leaks over time. While not as disastrous as an IMS failure, a leaking RMS can be an annoyance and may require addressing during a clutch replacement. Additionally, early 3.4-liter engines have been known to suffer from cylinder liner cracks, leading to coolant and oil intermixing. A thorough pre-purchase inspection (PPI) by a Porsche specialist can help identify these issues before they become costly problems.
Cooling system components, such as radiators and water pumps, are also known to wear out, particularly on higher-mileage cars. Inspecting these parts for signs of leaks or corrosion is essential. Lastly, the 996’s headlights and interior plastics can show signs of age, though replacements are relatively straightforward.
Maintenance and Ownership Costs
Owning a 996 is generally more affordable than many other 911 generations, but it’s still a high-performance sports car that demands regular upkeep. Routine maintenance, including oil changes, brake servicing, and tire replacements, should be performed by qualified technicians. Porsche specialists are often the best choice, as they have the expertise and tools to maintain these cars properly.
Parts availability remains good, thanks to shared components with the later 997 generation. However, costs can add up, particularly if major repairs are needed. Budgeting for potential expenses, such as IMS bearing replacement or clutch work, is wise. On the plus side, the 996’s mechanical simplicity compared to newer 911s means fewer electronic gremlins and easier diagnostics.
Market Trends and Buying Considerations
The 996 has long been the underdog of the 911 family, overshadowed by the air-cooled 993 and the more refined 997. However, attitudes are shifting. As enthusiasts begin to appreciate the 996’s unique qualities—its raw driving experience, modern conveniences, and relative affordability—values are starting to rise. Well-maintained examples, particularly those with documented service histories, are increasingly sought after.
When shopping for a 996, prioritize cars with a thorough service record. Evidence of regular maintenance and key repairs, such as IMS bearing replacements, can provide peace of mind. A pre-purchase inspection is essential, helping to uncover any hidden issues and ensuring you know exactly what you’re buying. Additionally, consider how you plan to use the car. A Carrera might be the perfect all-rounder, while a Turbo or GT3 could satisfy the itch for something more exhilarating.
Final Thoughts
The Porsche 911 (996) is a fascinating chapter in the 911’s storied history. It blends the charm and engagement of classic 911s with the modernity and performance of contemporary sports cars. For those willing to embrace its quirks and potential pitfalls, the 996 offers a rewarding ownership experience that’s becoming harder to find at its price point. With careful research and a discerning eye, you can find a 996 that delivers the joy and excitement that only a Porsche 911 can provide.
